导语：学习《习近平的七年知青岁月》
诠释青春的意义
人们常说：青春是用来奋斗的，而奋斗的青春又是最美丽的。
1969年1月13日，年仅15岁的习近平与十四名知青来到陕西省延川县梁家河大队，与当地的百姓同吃、同穿、同干活，面对恶劣的环境，他从未想过放弃。
光秃秃的黄土高原、满是跳蚤的窑洞和高强度的劳动，这些情况对于当时的习近平来说是一个巨大的考验，但令人出乎意料的是，习近平很快便适应了，并且还在余闲中学习书籍，苦中作乐，为这个村庄留下了崇学尚读的良好风气。
采访对象：王宪平(小名：黑子)，1951年10月出生，延川县文安驿镇梁家河村人。当年的返乡知青，与村里人一起去文安驿公社把习近平等北京知青接回梁家河。1971年2月参加工作，曾担任延川县交警大队协理员，2013年4月退休。
Interviewee: Wang Xianping (nickname: Heizi), born in October 1951, Yanchuan County, Wen'an Yi Liangjiahe village. The educated youth returning home and the villagers went to Wen’an Yi commune to take Xi Jinping and other educated youths from Beijing back to the Liangjiahe. He served as Yanchuan County Traffic Police Brigade deputy In February 1971 and retired in April 2013.
采 访 组：本报记者 邱然 黄珊 陈思等
Interview group: News reporter Qiu Ran, Huang Shan, Chen Si, etc.
采访日期：2016年2月26日
Interview date: February 26, 2016
采访地点：陕西省延川县梁家河村委会
Interview place: Liangjiahe village committee, Yanchuan County, Shanxi Province
采访组：四十多年前，从北京来了一批下乡知青。您和村里十几位社员从梁家河走到文安驿，把十五名知青接回村里，其中就有习近平。请您讲讲第一次见到他的情形。
Interview group: A batch of educated youths from Beijing came here 40 years ago. You and more than ten members of the village walked from the Liangjiahe to Wen'an Yi and took the fifteen educated youth back to the village, including Xi Jinping. Please tell me about the first time you saw him.
王宪平：他们这一批首都来的知青是1969年1月13日从北京动身，1月16日到了我们文安驿公社(即今陕西省延安市延川县文安驿镇)的。我们村上怕他们行李太多，派了十几个壮劳力去接他们。到了文安驿，看到知青们从大卡车上下来，村民们就帮他们往下搬行李。当时，县上和公社的负责人拿了一份名单，把插队知青都分配好了。我们大队(即现在的行政村)分到十五个，其中四个女知青，十一个男知青，包括近平。他瘦瘦高高的，当时我们都不知道他的名字。我们一起在公社吃了一顿饭，有大烩菜，有玉米团子。饭后，各大队就把分到本队的知青接走了。
Wang Xianping: the batch of educated youth left Beijing in January 13, 1969, and arrived at our Wen'an Yi commune in January 16th (that is, Yanan, Yanchuan, Wen'an, Shaanxi province). We were afraid that they had too much luggage, so we sent more than a dozen of persons to pick them up. Arriving at Wen'an Yi, we saw that the educated youth got down from the big truck, the villagers helped them with moving down the luggage. At that time, the head of the county and community took a list, the educated youth were allocated. Our brigade (now the administrative village) had fifteen members, of which four female educated youth, eleven male educated youth, including Jinping. He was tall and skinny, we didn’t know his name at that time. We had a meal in the commune which included a big stew, corn dumpling. After dinner, the educated youth will be picked up by their own the brigades.
出发时，我们帮助知青搬行李箱，发现其中有两个箱子特别沉，一个老式的棕箱，还有一个皮箱，都很陈旧，看着也不起眼。我们都觉得奇怪，说：“咋这么沉呢?这是谁的箱子?”
When we start to set out,, we helped the youth to move their luggage and found out that there were two quite heavy boxes, an old brown box and a leather suitcase. All of them looked very old and obscure. We all felt strange, and said, "why are they so heavy? Whose suitcasesI are they?"
近平说：“这是我的箱子。”
Jinping said: " they are mine. "
我们当时也不知道近平的名字，第一印象就是这个瘦高的后生有两个很沉的箱子。就这样，我们扛着行李，领着知青回到了村里。
We did not know the name of Jinping, the first impression of him was a tall and young man with two heavy boxes. Then, we carried our luggage and led the educated youth back to the village.
四十多年前，进梁家河的那道沟是一条很难走的土路。两山夹一川的狭窄地方，中间有一条弯弯曲曲的羊肠小道通往深山里。那条路窄到什么程度呢?两个轮的架子车都没法通过。可见梁家河村当年有多偏远、多闭塞。
40 years ago, the ditch into the Liangjiahe was a very hard way to go. It was a winding trail leading to the mountains at a narrow place. How narrow was the road? Two wheels shelf car could not go through. The Liangjiahe village was that remote and multi blocked.
到了村里，我们把知青分成两个队：一队九个人，在村子的前面;二队六个人，在村子的后面。近平当时被分在了二队，他住的窑洞离我家很近。村里当时派人给知青做饭。几个月后，农村生火做饭这一套活儿，知青们基本上都学会了，他们就开始自己做饭。开始，他们做的饭不好吃，不过也只能凑合吃了。当时很艰苦，基本吃不到肉，饭菜也没什么油水，可是因为肚子饿，大家也都不在乎饭菜味道怎么样，能吃饱就算是好生活了。
At village, we divided the educated youth into two teams. Team one got nine people and stayed in front of the village. Team two got six people and stayed behind the village. Jinping, he was in the second team, and his cave-house was close to my home.. The village sent a cook for the educated youth at that time. A few months later, they basically learned how to light a fire, and they began to cook by themselves.
At first, they didn't cook well, but they had to eat . At that time, it was very hard, they basically couldn’t eat meat and their food had little oil. But they didn’t care about the taste of the food because of hunger. It was a good life if you could eat enough.
采访组：习近平入党之后，又被梁家河人推举为大队党支部书记，请您讲一讲，他当支书之后做了哪些事情?
Interview group: after Xi Jinping joined the Party and was elected as the Party branch secretary of the group by Liangjiahe people. Please tell me what he did when he served as the Party branch secretary.
王宪平：近平当了支书以后，做的第一件事就是带领社员们在村里的沟口打了一个淤地坝。
Wang Xianping: after Jinping got the job, the first thing he did was to lead the commune members built a silt dam in the village.
在计划这个事情之初，大家并不支持。因为这个坝的位置在正沟——也就是通往村里一条必经之路上，在雨季时这个地方就会汇聚整条山沟里所有的雨水，在下大雨的时候，这里的水势是最大的。那个时候，山上植被稀疏，土壤存不住水分，黄土高原的水土流失很严重。下雨的时候，河里的水特别大。所以淤地坝建在这个位置就面临着山洪高强度的冲击。
In the beginning of people didn't support the plan. Because the dam was in a gully， which was on the only way to the village. In the rainy season, the rainwater of the entire valley would gather here. Upon the rainstorm, the amount of rain water will reach the minimal level. At that time, the vegetation on the mountain was sparse and the soil couldn't keep moisture. The problem of water and soil loss was very serious at the Loess Plateau . During rainy days, the water amount will be extraordinarily large. So, the dam built in this place would face the high intensity shock of torrential flood.
当时，梁家河的村民议论说：“近平想给咱村修个大淤地坝，多种粮食，这是好事。那个地方，雨季的水那么狂，搞不好冲垮了，就是劳民伤财，白忙活一场。肯定不成!”几百年来，这个位置都没修过淤地坝，村里人多数思想比较保守，认为老祖宗没干成的事，自然有道理，咱肯定也干不成，所以大都持反对意见。
At that time, the villagers in Liangjiahe expressed their opinion, they said “that General Secretary Xi Jinping wanted to build a large dam to grow more grains, is a great thing. But if the dam collapses by the large amount of rain water during the rainy season, it would waste manpower and money. We can’t do this if it is doomed to be a fiasco!” For hundreds of years, no dam was built in this place. Most villagers here were conservative, and they believe that the thing could not be fulfilled by our ancestors would never be done by our generation either. Therefore, most of them did not support.
可是近平坚决想把这个坝打起来，他不仅自己挨家挨户做大家的工作，也把我找来帮忙。他跟我说：“黑子，你在咱们村里一直当‘总管’(指在村里经常帮助村民料理红白喜事的人。一般由有文化、办事有条理的人担当)，村里人听你的，你帮我给大家做做工作。”
But Jinping is determined to build the dam, he not only conducted ideological work from door to door but also asked me for help. He said to me: “Heizi, you've serving as the director of our village for years, so most villagers would trust you. I need your to help me do some ideological work..”
我当然想帮近平，但我对这个坝也没多大信心，我说：“帮你做工作没问题，但是这个坝能打成吗?那个位置确实水大，夏天发洪水，真能冲垮了。”
Of course, I wanted to help Jinping, but I really didn’t have any faith in building this dam either. I replied: “of course, I would help you , but can the dam really be built? The water flow at that location is really violent, and the flood can wash away the dam in summer. "
近平说：“这个我早就计划好了。河口的一侧给它拦住，淤地坝的另一侧给它好好加固，把自然河道的一部分再加深、清淤，形成一条大的泄洪沟。只要保证夏天水量最大的时候，泄洪沟能承受得住，那淤地坝的安全就不成问题。咱们精心施工，保证质量，只要这个淤地坝搞好了，从这里一直延伸到咱们村的大片良田就出来了。”
Jinping said: “I have thought of it. If we block the water on the side of the river mouth, and reinforce the other side of the dam ,and to deepen and dredge some parts of the natural river, it would finally form a large flood discharge trench. As long as the flood discharge trench can withstand the maximum amount of water in summer, the security of the dam would be guaranteed.Let’s be focused on the construction carefully and guarantee the quality.As long as this dam built well, we can make large fields of grains from this place to our village.”
结合那里的地形，仔细考虑了近平的规划，觉得他说的很有道理，就点了点头。
By considering the terrain there, and taking his plan into careful consideration, I thought what he said is meaningful and agreed.
近平又说：“黑子，你说咱梁家河为啥穷?为啥吃不饱饭?就是因为土地太少了。这里打上坝，增加这么大面积的水浇地，以后梁家河的子子孙孙都会受益。咱说啥也得干成这个事!”
Jinping asked me: " Heizi, why our village is so poor? Why we often suffer from hunger or starvation? That’s because the fertile land is quite few and far between. Once the dam is built, a large area of field will be formed. From then on, the generation after generation in Liangjiahe will benefit from it. We must fulfill it no matter how hard it is. "
我说：“近平，能成!我也帮你跟村里人说去。”
I said, "Jinping, we can do it. I will help you persuade the villagers. "
当时，我就到文安驿公社，给工作单位打了个电话，我跟领导说：“我这次要迟回去一两天，村里有点事要处理一下。”
Then,I went to Wen'anyi Commune and made a phone call to the workplace. I told the leader that, "I will be back one or two days later, because I have something to deal with in the village."
之后，我专门找到村里那些年纪大的、反对意见比较强烈的社员，给他们做工作，把近平规划的如何加固、怎么防洪等办法都给他们讲清楚了。我说：“你们说的洪水垮坝的情况，当然是有。但咱们只要把泄洪沟建好，淤地坝的安全肯定是没问题的。”
After that, I went to see the senior villagers who opposed strongly and did the ideological work on them. Besides, I also shared them Jinping’s plan to them on how to reinforce and how to control the flood. I said: “dam-failure by flood might happen, but if we build the flood discharge trench very well, the security of the dam can be definitely guaranteed."
我还劝他们说：“你看，近平做事一向稳妥可靠，他啥时候胡来、蛮干过?他不是咱梁家河人，却能当咱的书记，给咱当这个家。他每天辛辛苦苦的，带领大家劳动，他下的力气最多;回到家里，他又要洗衣服、做饭，很不容易;现在管村里的大事小情，付出得更多。他本来可以不主张打这个坝，多一事不如少一事，打坝他还要带头劳动，受这大苦，图的是啥?还不是为了咱村多打粮食，吃饱肚子吗?将来咱打的粮食吃不完，还可以存起来，不就过上好日子了吗?你们当老人的，在村里有威望，一定要支持他把这个事情弄成。”
I also advised him, “See, Jinping has always been reliable and he never acts recklessly. Although he is not a native, he is our secretary and looks after us. He works very hard day and night, guides us at work and makes the most contributions. When he goes back home, he has to wash clothes and makes dinner all by himself, it’s not easy. Nowadays, he manages everything in the village, and it’s much harder than before. He could give up on advocating us to build the dam, so as to avoid the trouble. You know, it would be pretty hard to guide villages to build the dam, why he is so determined to fulfill it? What does he aim for？ He just wants us to have sufficient food and solve the problems of hunger and starvation. In the future, we can harvest more grains and store extra grains, so that we can all lead a better life. As the senior in the village, you are reputable, so you must support him to fulfill the task. "
那些老人们慢慢地被我说动了，他们点头说：“近平这个娃娃，确实可靠，他也确实是为村里好，你们娃娃有文化，懂得比我们多，咱就不好反对了。”
These old villagers were touched by my words gradually. They nodded and said: "Jinping is a reliable boy. What he does is really for the benefits of the village. He is knowledgeable and knows more than us. We have no objection now.."
这段时间，近平也一直给村里人做工作，再加上我帮忙，村里绝大部分人都同意了。虽然还有极少部分人不同意，但已经不影响大局了。在这种情况下，这个大规模的淤地坝就开始热火朝天地建设了。这个坝规模大，工程量大，耗费的人力也很多，全村人付出了全部力量，终于把这个坝打起来了。
During that time, Jinping had been doing ideological work on the villagers. Besides, with my help, most of the villagers agreed with the plan. Although there were few people who disagreed, it did not affect the general situation. In this case, the construction of large-scale dam is started in full swing. The dam is large in scale and project quantity, so it needs quite a lot of manpower. All the villagers tried their great efforts and finally built the dam.
近平在打坝期间，更是付出了全部的热情和精力，他白天晚上，起早贪黑，用现在的话说就是“白加黑”“五加二”，把精力都放在这个工程上了。他要求施工要快，施工质量还要好，特别是洪水冲击的关键位置，他搞得扎扎实实，固若金汤。而且他不仅一直在第一线指挥，也一直在第一线劳动，铲土、打夯、搬大块石头砌堤围，这些事情他都和村里人一起并肩战斗。所以大家的干劲非常足，打坝进展得很快。
During the construction of the dam, Xi Jinping contributed whole passion and energies. He worked from dawn to dusk. As we say now, it is the 7/24 working mode. He put all his energies on this project. He asked for faster process and high quality, especially the high quality at the key positions of flood attacks, which are strongly fortified. He not only directed on the front line, but also labored with the villagers there. Shoveling, ramming, moving and laying large stones and building embankment, he did all the things with the villagers side by side. So, everyone was highly motivated, and the construction process was quick.
这个淤地坝建好以后，确实很坚固，夏季的洪水能够顺利地从泄洪沟流走。一到雨季，近平就非常注意维修和防护，严格督促汛期的排洪管理，所以这个坝很牢固，坝顶的大片土地，一直在生产粮食。在近平离开梁家河几年以后，因为当时村里疏于管理和维修防护，再加上那一年洪水比较凶猛，这个坝的一部分被冲垮了。后来，村民把损坏的部分恢复起来。现在我们看到的这个淤地坝跟七十年代的样子完全一致。坝顶的土地，是我们梁家河村最好、最平整，也是最便于灌溉的土地。
After the dam was built, it was indeed quite strong enough, and summer flood can flow smoothly from the flood discharge trench. During the rainy season, Xi Jinping would pay great attention to the maintenance and protection of the dam, and strictly supervise the flood draining management in flood season, so this dam was very strong. Large tracts of land at the top of the dam have been made to plant grains. Now, they are still producing food. A few years after Jinping left the village, a part of the dam was washed away due to the lack of management and maintenance and the fierce flood at that year. After that, the villagers restored the damaged part. Now, the dam we see is the same as it was in the 1970s. The land at the top of the dam is the best, the most flat land in Liangjiahe; besides, it is also the land most convenient for irrigation here.
在七年的知青岁月中，习近平凭着突出的个人表现和群众一致的好评，经历重重磨难，最终得到批准，加入了中国共产党，并被推举为梁家河人民党支部书记，在这期间他大刀阔斧地抓生产，积极组织农民打坝，让全村在较短时间内焕发勃勃生机，同时也让自己在这艰苦的时代中熠熠发光。
因此，作为青少年的我们，应勇于做走在时代前列的奋进者、开拓者、奉献者，学习习近平总书记勤劳实干、乐观向上、无私的精神，汲取丰厚的精神滋养，自觉地以习近平总书记为学习楷模，不负青春韶华，来诠释自己青春最美好的意义。
